Lange's argument is undermined by its reliance on a problematic notion of identity of proofs

Lange’s argument has been also contested in several recent articles such as Hoeltje et al. 2013, Baldwin 2016, and Dougherty 2017. Hoeltje et al. reject what they see as an unacknowledged assumption in Lange’s argument, namely that a universal sentence explains its instances. Baldwin offers positive considerations as to why inductive arguments are explanatory and he also focuses his criticisms of Lange’s argument on the latter’s assumption that an instance of a universal generalization cannot he