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    Leibniz's move from conceptual containment to the existen... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Every contingent truth has a sufficient reason

    Leibniz's move from conceptual containment to the existence of an actual sufficient reason conflates logical relations between concepts with real causal-explanatory relations in the world.

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    Key Terms

    Causal-explanatory relations(How things actually make each other happen in reality, not just in theory)
    The real connections in the actual world where one thing causes or produces another, or explains why something really happens.
    Conflates(in argumentation and logic)
    Treats two different things as if they're the same thing, or mixes them up in a way that causes confusion.
    Leibniz
    Leibniz is a German philosopher and mathematician from the 1600s-1700s who developed calculus (a powerful math tool for measuring change and areas) independently around the same time as Isaac Newton. He's famous for creating much of the notation we still use in mathematics today and for arguing that everything in the universe follows logical principles. His ideas profoundly influenced modern science, mathematics, and philosophy, making him one of history's most important thinkers.
    conceptual containment(as used in epistemology and logic)
    The idea that one concept includes another within its definition—like 'bachelor' conceptually contains 'unmarried' because that's built into what the word means.

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    logical relations(Davidson's distinction between causal and logical relations)
    Relations that obtain between particular descriptions of events, not between the events themselves
    sufficient reason(Used by Leibniz to distinguish genuine explanatory grounds from mere descriptions.)
    A reason adequate to determine why a thing is as it is and not otherwise.

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedModality & Possibility1 linked

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    Every contingent truth has a sufficient reason

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