Leibniz's possibilism demonstrates that necessity within a world-relative system is compatible with genuinely non-actualized possibles, challenging the claim that Spinozistic necessity collapses possibility into actuality.
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Things that could exist or be true but don't actually exist or aren't actually true in the real world.
Spinoza (Spinozistic)(a contrasting philosophical view being challenged)
A 1600s philosopher who believed everything that happens is necessary and determined by the laws of nature, leaving no room for true possibility.
World-relative system(describing how necessity operates in particular worlds)
A way of thinking about what's true and false within a specific possible world, where the rules might be different from another possible world.
possibilism(Contrasted with actualism; evaluates obligations based on what the agent could do, not what the agent will do.)
The view that an agent's obligations are determined by the best act-set possible for the agent across the relevant time span, regardless of what the agent will actually do.