Leibniz's theodicy in the Theodicée shows that a perfect God may permit any finite evil—including cognitive error—if it serves the best possible world, with no category of error logically immune from divine allowance.
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Perfect God(the starting assumption in the argument)
In theology, God understood as having all positive qualities in unlimited measure—being all-knowing, all-powerful, and completely good.
Theodicée(the specific work by Leibniz being referenced)
The actual book Leibniz wrote in 1710 defending his answers to the problem of evil; it's French for 'theodicy.'
best possible world(Leibnizian theodicy and the question of divine obligation)
A single world that is superior in goodness to all other possible worlds; the unique optimum among all worlds God could create
cognitive error(Scholarly taxonomy applied to Descartes' epistemology)
A category of error distinguished from sensory misrepresentation, used by scholars to classify Descartesian accounts of how the senses produce false beliefs
theodicy(Central concern of Plutarch's era)
The philosophical problem of reconciling the existence of evil and unpunished wrongdoing with the existence and goodness of divine providence.