Lewis's counterfactual analysis of causation requires that we evaluate dependence under the closest possible world, and in worlds with retrocausation the closest worlds where A is prevented are worlds where B never occurred in the first place.

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Counterfactual analysis(as used in philosophy of causation): A way of understanding how things work by imagining what would happen if something were different—like saying 'if that note hadn't been sung, would the glass still have shattered?'
Dependence(as a relationship being compared to entailment): When one thing relies on or is determined by another—for example, the height of a shadow depends on the position of the sun.
Lewis(philosopher who created the similarity metric being discussed): David Lewis was a famous American philosopher who developed influential theories about possible worlds—alternative ways reality could have been.
Retrocausation(in philosophy of causation): A theoretical situation where an effect happens before its cause—basically, the future causes the past, which is usually considered impossible in normal reality.

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