Lewis's 'influence' account requires grading causal contribution by counterfactual variation, but late preemption cases yield identical influence scores for preempted backup causes.

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Counterfactual variation(how the influence account measures whether something is a cause): Imagining different possible scenarios to see how much a potential cause would change the outcome if it were different.
Influence account (of causation)(Lewis's specific approach to understanding causation): A theory about what makes something a cause: the idea that causes work by making a difference to their effects, measured by how much change in the cause changes the effect.
Influence score(what the influence account uses to identify real causes): A numerical rating of how much causal power something has—how much of a difference it makes to its effect.
Lewis(philosopher who created the similarity metric being discussed): David Lewis was a famous American philosopher who developed influential theories about possible worlds—alternative ways reality could have been.

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