Locke's distinction between personal identity and substance identity shows that psychological continuity—memory and consciousness—can re-identify persons independently of bodily or soul-substance tracking.

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Bodily tracking(as one way to track identity that Locke argues is unnecessary): The idea of following someone's identity by watching their physical body—assuming that as long as the same body exists, it's the same person.
Locke(a historical philosopher being cited): John Locke (1632-1704) was an English philosopher who argued that personal identity is based on memory and consciousness rather than just the body.
Re-identify(as how memory and consciousness help us recognize the same person): To recognize or confirm that something is the same thing again, even when encountering it at a different time or in a different form.
Soul-substance tracking(as another way to track identity that Locke argues is unnecessary): The traditional religious or philosophical idea that a person's identity depends on having the same immaterial soul, which persists even if the body changes.

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