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Inverse View
It is not the case that Lon Fuller's 'inner morality of law' requires generality, consistency, and publicness—criteria the Law Merchant satisfied without state apparatus.
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1.
Law Merchant rules were accessible only to merchant elites, failing Fuller's publicity requirement for ordinary subjects of the legal system.
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2.
Without state authority, Law Merchant consistency depended on voluntary compliance; exclusionary practices and regional variation undermined generality.
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3.
Fuller emphasized impartiality and equal treatment; merchant courts privileged guild members over outsiders, contradicting his inner morality criteria.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Law Merchant guilds published standard contracts and trading rules widely, satisfying Fuller's publicity requirement without state codification.
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2.
Merchant courts applied consistent precedents across regions, creating de facto generality through repeated commercial practice and reputation.
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3.
Private legal systems can enforce internal consistency through membership incentives and market reputation, not just state monopoly on enforcement.
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