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Inverse View
It is not the case that Mach's principle holds that inertial frames are determined relationally by the global mass distribution, not by an independently existing metrical field.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
General relativity permits solutions with inertial frames in empty regions far from all matter, contradicting strict relational determination.
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2.
Frame-dragging effects near rotating masses are weak and don't fully determine inertial frames, suggesting independent geometric structure.
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3.
Mach's principle is vague about the precise mechanism by which distant masses determine local inertia, limiting its empirical testability.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Empty spacetime with no matter should have no privileged reference frames, suggesting inertial frames depend on actual mass distribution.
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2.
Rotational effects (centrifugal forces) correlate with rotation relative to distant stars, implying frames are defined by global matter distribution.
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3.
Absolute spacetime structure seems metaphysically extravagant when relational definitions of inertia explain the same empirical facts.
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