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    Mackie and Sobel demonstrated that 'absolute perfection' ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Pascal's God — conceived as absolutely perfect — should be assigned higher probability than conceptions of rival Gods.

    Mackie and Sobel demonstrated that 'absolute perfection' is not a coherent single predicate but a placeholder that collapses under the logical incompatibility of its constituent omni-properties (e.g., omniscience vs. libertarian freedom).

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    Key Terms

    Logical incompatibility(Ehrenfels 1890; Smith 1988, 103)
    The case in which elements cannot be combined, exemplified by a round square.
    Mackie
    # Mackie J.L. Mackie was a 20th-century British philosopher best known for his work in ethics and the philosophy of religion. He argued that moral values don't actually exist objectively in the world, even though we talk and think about them as if they do—a view called "moral error theory." His ideas challenged traditional beliefs about right and wrong, influencing how philosophers today think about the foundations of morality.
    Omni-properties(as qualities traditionally attributed to God)
    Qualities that mean 'all' or 'total' (like omniscience meaning 'all-knowing' or omnipotence meaning 'all-powerful').
    Sobel(as a philosopher referenced for work on theism)
    Jordan Howard Sobel was a philosopher known for writing extensively about the logical structure of arguments for God's existence and probability theory in religious philosophy.

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    absolute perfection(Suárez's metaphysics of divine attributes)
    The highest degree of perfection that serves as the standard by which other beings admitting of degrees of perfection are measured
    coherent(de Finetti's usage in the context of the Dutch Book argument for probabilism)
    A subject is coherent if their unconditional degrees of belief do not permit a Dutch Book (a guaranteed loss through a combination of bets) to be made against them
    libertarian freedom
    The view that freedom involves a radical, indeterminist exercise of power.
    omniscience(The passage tests omniscience against mathematical undecidability)
    The property of knowing everything; used here to probe whether divine knowledge extends to undecided mathematical propositions.
    predicate(Logical/grammatical ontology in Eisagoge)
    Either a sound signifying a meaning or a meaning signified by a certain sound

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