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It is not the case that Mathematical practice across analysis, geometry, and number theory proceeded rigorously for centuries without set-theoretic foundations.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Historical mathematicians used implicit set-theoretic concepts (collections, domains, quantification) without formalizing them.
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2.
Rigor is relative to era; pre-Cauchy 'rigor' tolerated infinitesimals and divergent series now recognized as inadequately justified.
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3.
Set theory revealed hidden paradoxes in informal practice (like unrestricted comprehension), showing earlier foundations were incomplete.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Euler, Gauss, and Cauchy produced theorems still considered valid today without referencing set theory or its axioms.
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2.
Rigorous mathematical practice requires clear definitions and logical proof structure, which existed centuries before Cantor.
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3.
Set-theoretic foundations were developed to formalize existing mathematics, not to enable it; the practice preceded the framework.
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