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Inverse View
It is not the case that Matter is bad and is the source and cause of all badness and disorder in the world.
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Reasons For
2 perspectives
Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Plotinus argues matter is not actively evil but merely privation of form — an absence, not a positive causal force of badness.
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2.
A privation cannot be a 'source and cause' in the robust causal sense Numenius requires, since causes must possess the qualities they transmit.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Aristotle demonstrates that matter is a necessary co-principle of form, and without it no good sensible thing could exist at all.
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2.
If matter were the source of all badness, then the existence of any embodied good — health, beauty, virtue in action — would be inexplicable.
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Reasons Against
1 perspective
Reason against
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1.
Matter is essentially disordered.
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2.
Disorder amounts to badness for Numenius.
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3.
The source of disorder in the world is matter.
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