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It is not the case that Mill and Sidgwick's aggregative frameworks demonstrate that impartial welfare maximization admits no principled exception for instrumental use of persons.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Mill explicitly endorsed individual rights and liberty as constraints on utility maximization, not mere instrumental vehicles for it.
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2.
Sidgwick's dualism of practical reason permits agent-centered partiality, limiting what impartial maximization can demand of us.
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3.
Even aggregative frameworks can incorporate non-instrumental constraints if treating persons as ends generates better long-term outcomes.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Aggregative utilitarianism defines rightness by total welfare outcomes, making agent identity morally irrelevant to calculation.
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2.
If welfare is all that matters morally, then using someone instrumentally is permissible whenever it maximizes aggregate welfare.
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3.
Mill and Sidgwick both rejected agent-centered constraints as unjustifiable departures from impartial welfare logic.
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