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    Modal distinctions (possibility, necessity, actuality) ar... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Ontological modalities ground the differences between the real, ideal, knowledge, and logical spheres of being.

    Modal distinctions (possibility, necessity, actuality) are logical or epistemic categories, not ontological ones, as Kant demonstrated in the Critique of Pure Reason.

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    Reasons For

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    • 1.Kant shows modality depends on our cognitive structures, not things-in-themselves, making it epistemic rather than ontological.
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    • 2.Necessity and possibility describe our conceptual frameworks and what we can coherently think, not mind-independent reality.
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    • 3.Modal claims require reference to possible worlds or counterfactuals that exist only in thought, not in being itself.
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    Reasons Against

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    • 1.Quantum mechanics suggests genuine ontological indeterminacy: particles have intrinsic probability, not epistemic ignorance only.
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    • 2.Logical necessity (2+2=4) seems to hold regardless of human cognition, suggesting modality transcends our epistemic categories.
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    • 3.If modality were purely epistemic, different minds with different concepts should disagree on possibilities—but they largely don't.
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    Related

    If modality were purely epistemic, different minds with different concepts shoul...Kant shows modality depends on our cognitive structures, not things-in-themselve...Logical necessity (2+2=4) seems to hold regardless of human cognition, suggestin...Modal claims require reference to possible worlds or counterfactuals that exist ...
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    Necessity and possibility describe our conceptual frameworks and what we can coh...Ontological modalities ground the differences between the real, ideal, knowledge...Quantum mechanics suggests genuine ontological indeterminacy: particles have int...

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