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It is not the case that Moral choice is constitutively shaped by appetitive states that practical wisdom cannot fully govern or override.
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Reasons For
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1.
Practical wisdom is precisely the capacity to recognize and navigate appetitive pulls; claiming it cannot govern them conflates imperfect exercise with conceptual inability.
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2.
Appetites inform but don't determine choice; moral agents regularly override hunger, fear, and desire through reasoned commitment to principles or persons.
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3.
The claim requires distinguishing 'shape' from 'constitute'—appetites influence choices without constitutively determining them in the way genetics determines eye color.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Empirical psychology demonstrates that hunger, fatigue, and sexual arousal measurably impair moral judgment independent of rational deliberation.
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2.
Practical wisdom requires calm reflection, but appetitive urgency often forecloses the temporal and cognitive space needed for such reflection.
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3.
Even virtuous agents struggle with appetitive pulls; this universal difficulty suggests appetites are constitutive constraints, not mere obstacles wisdom can overcome.
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