Moral luck theorists like Nagel treat circumstances as partially constitutive of the moral situation itself, not merely as inputs to a pre-fixed deliberative structure that counterfactuals could hold constant.

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Deliberative structure(contrasted with the idea that circumstances shape morality itself): The framework or process we use when thinking through moral decisions and figuring out what we should do.
Moral luck(as used in ethics): The philosophical puzzle about whether it's fair to judge people differently for the same choice if one outcome succeeds and another fails through no fault of their own.
Thomas Nagel(as the philosopher being referenced): An influential American philosopher known for writing about consciousness, ethics, and how we understand ourselves. He published 'The Possibility of Altruism' in 1970 to explore whether we can be genuinely motivated to help others.
constitutive(an alternative type of relationship the grounding relation might be): Describes how something is made up of or formed from basic components that define its essential nature.

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