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It is not the case that Moral particularists like Jonathan Dancy argue that moral relevance of features is context-dependent, defeating systematic cross-case generalizations.
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Reasons For
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1.
If all features are context-dependent, particularism cannot explain why 'causing suffering' is always at least prima facie morally relevant as a disvalue.
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2.
Particularism threatens to make moral reasoning unjustifiably subjective, since without generalizable principles, there's no principled way to constrain individual moral judgments.
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3.
Moral agents can distinguish between genuine context-sensitivity and mere application of universal principles to varying facts—particularism conflates these.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
A feature like 'lying' can be morally worse when it harms a vulnerable person versus a sophisticated manipulator, showing context-dependent moral weight.
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2.
Moral rules claiming 'always X' fail to capture cases where X-ing is heroic, obligatory, or permissible depending on surrounding circumstances.
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3.
Generalizations across cases assume feature meaning remains constant, but moral significance shifts with relationships, intentions, and consequences involved.
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