Names like 'Aristotle' refer successfully despite ignorance of his exact spatio-temporal coordinates, suggesting reference depends on causal chains rather than descriptive mapping.

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Aristotle: Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher who lived over 2,000 years ago and is one of the most influential thinkers in Western history. He studied nearly every subject—from animals and plants to politics and ethics—and developed practical ways of thinking that shaped how people understand the world. His ideas on logic, nature, and how to live a good life are still taught and debated today because he focused on observing the real world rather than just abstract theories.
Causal chains(as used in philosophy of causation): A sequence of events where each one is caused by the previous one, like dominoes falling in a line.
Descriptive mapping(an alternative theory of how names refer that the statement is rejecting): Matching a name to a person by listing facts or descriptions about them, like 'the ancient Greek philosopher who taught Alexander the Great.'
Spatio-temporal coordinates(describing precise information about where and when someone existed): The exact location in space (where something is) and time (when something happened). Like saying 'the person was at 42 Main Street on January 5, 2024 at 3 PM.'

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