Nancy Cartwright's 'capacities' framework further establishes that genuine laws describe causal powers operative even in heterogeneous, uncontrolled conditions where strict regularities fail to appear.

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Capacities framework(as the main concept in the statement): Cartwright's theory that natural laws work by describing real powers or abilities that things have to cause effects, rather than just describing how things regularly behave.
Heterogeneous conditions(as the type of real-world conditions where laws still work): Situations that are mixed, varied, or different from each other, rather than uniform or controlled.
Nancy Cartwright(as the philosopher being referenced): A contemporary philosopher of science who argues that nature has specific capacities and powers, and that scientific laws don't always work universally in the real world.
Strict regularities(as patterns that may not appear in messy real-world conditions): Predictable, consistent patterns that always happen the same way without exception.

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