Neoplatonic emanationism, as in Plotinus's Enneads, holds that the One produces the Intellect necessarily and without deliberation, yet this necessity precludes the kind of free, unmediated agency the argument presupposes.
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Plotinus was an ancient Greek philosopher who lived in Rome during the 3rd century AD and founded a spiritual philosophy called Neoplatonism. He taught that reality consists of different levels, with a perfect, infinite source at the top (called "the One") from which everything else flows downward, and that the goal of life is to reconnect with this divine source through contemplation and inner purification. His ideas deeply influenced later Christianity, Islam, and Judaism, making him one of the most important philosophers in Western and religious thought.
The Intellect(what is produced by the One in this system)
In Neoplatonism, the second level of reality that comes directly from the One; it contains all the perfect ideas or forms of things.
The One(Neoplatonic and Academic metaphysics; Plato's Parmenides first hypothesis)
A first principle characterized by absolute simplicity, incapable of having parts or receiving any positive predication, and ultimately not a being
Unmediated(describing a type of freedom or action without steps in between)
Direct, without anything in between; happening without an intermediary.
agency(Used to assess whether switching the trolley is deontologically prohibited.)
A morally relevant sense in which an agent is the direct cause of harm, invoked in deontological constraints; its absence removes a deontological bar to acting.
deliberation(Aristotelian practical reasoning)
A form of practical reasoning in which an agent has some end and reasons to a sufficient means for achieving that end.