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    Non-rational parts must be habituated separately, since t... — Carmelics
    Home/Virtue Ethics
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    Challenges→The Socratic identification of virtue with knowledge alone is insufficient once the soul is understood to have non-rational parts.

    Non-rational parts must be habituated separately, since they cannot grasp knowledge directly.

    Virtue Ethics
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    Virtue Ethics

    Key Terms

    knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.)
    Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.

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    Socratic intellectualism holds that virtue just is knowledge.Subdividing the soul reveals that non-rational parts can motivate action indepen...The Socratic identification of virtue with knowledge alone is insufficient once ...Therefore virtue requires both knowledge and the habituation of non-rational par...

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    Non-rational parts can nonetheless be trained to react compliantly to ...84%Therefore virtue requires both knowledge and the habituation of non-ra...83%Non-rational parts (appetite and emotion) cannot grasp the knowledge t...83%The Socratic identification of virtue with knowledge alone is insuffic...80%

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    Some interpret this heedlessness as appetite’s being good-independent, whereas reason is good-dependent. Thus, appetite pursues what it pursues without reference to whether what it pursues is good; reason pursues what it pursues always understanding that what it pursues is good. In this kind of interpretation, Socrates in the Republic accepts the possibility of akrasia because some parts of the soul, which are indifferent to the good, can motivate actions that do not aim at what is good. Others

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