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    Norm of reaction studies in model organisms demonstrate e... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→It is impossible to apportion the relative causal contributions of genes and environment to human traits

    Norm of reaction studies in model organisms demonstrate empirically that genotypic contributions to phenotypic variance can be systematically isolated under controlled environmental manipulation.

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    Key Terms

    Genotypic(as used in genetics)
    Related to the genes an organism actually has—the genetic instructions it inherited.
    Isolate (in this context)(as used in experimental design)
    To separate out and identify one specific factor's effect by removing or controlling everything else.
    Phenotypic(describing the visible characteristics that genetic information produces)
    Related to the observable traits of an organism—like eye color, height, or behavior—as opposed to the hidden genetic code.
    Phenotypic variance(as used in genetics)
    The visible differences you see between individuals of the same species, like different heights or eye colors.
    empirically(as used in epistemology (how we know things))

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    model organisms(philosophy of experimental biology)
    One of two kinds of entities (along with experimental systems) that recent scholarship has focused on as alternatives to theories for understanding experimental biology practice
    norm of reaction(Introduced in the context of Lewontin's critique of heritability measures)
    A measure produced for a particular trait by exhaustively manipulating an organism's genotypes and environments, providing information about the relations between genes and environment beyond what a standard analysis of variance can offer

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    Causation1 linkedMoral Responsibility1 linked

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