Norman Daniels' own framework in 'Just Health Care' grounds medical necessity in restoring species-typical functioning, yet statistical normality cannot itself define the threshold without circular reasoning.
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Species-typical functioning(as Daniels's definition of what health care should aim to restore)
The ability to do the things that are normal or expected for human beings—like walking, thinking, working, and socializing—without major physical or mental limitations.
Statistical normality(as used in philosophy of medicine)
When something occurs frequently or is common in a population; the average or typical pattern you'd expect to see most of the time.
framework(Carnap's philosophy of language and logic)
A structured system of rules or language that must be in place for rational discourse to be possible.
threshold(Threshold model of collective action in networks)
A numeric value associated with each player representing the minimum number of revolting participants required for that player to revolt.