Normative authority — the capacity of moral facts to genuinely bind agents — cannot be derived from descriptive facts about psychology or biology alone without illicit ought-from-is inference.

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Bind agents(describing how duties affect us morally): To create obligations or requirements that people must follow or take seriously.
Descriptive facts(as opposed to rules about how beliefs should be formed): Information about how things actually work in reality, rather than how they should work.
Illicit inference(as used in logic and philosophy): A logical jump or conclusion that isn't allowed by the rules of valid reasoning; a mistake in logic.
Moral facts: Facts about goodness, reasons, and obligations; normative facts about what matters.
Ought-from-is inference(as used in ethics): A logical mistake where someone tries to conclude what *should* be true (an 'ought') directly from what *is* true (an 'is'). For example, concluding that you *ought* to be selfish just because humans *are* naturally selfish.

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