- Explanatory commitments(in philosophy of science)
- The specific reasons, causes, or mechanisms that a theory claims explain why something happens the way it does.
- Modal commitments(philosophy and logic)
- Hidden assumptions about what is possible, impossible, necessary, or contingent (able to be otherwise) that a statement sneaks in without saying so explicitly.
- Notational equivalence(in logic and philosophy of science)
- When two theories use different symbols or formats to express the exact same ideas—like how you might write 1/2 or 0.5, they're notational equivalents.
- Verdicts(as used in epistemology)
- Conclusions or final judgments about what is true or false.
- deontic(as used in ethics)
- Relating to duties, obligations, and what is morally required, forbidden, or permitted—basically, what you should or shouldn't do.
- theoretical identity(Kripkean essentialism; examples include 'water is H2O' and 'gold is the element with atomic number 79')
- An identity of the form C = T, where C is a common name for a kind and T is a technical identification of that kind, expressing what that kind fundamentally is