Numerical identity doctrine faces the logical problem: if Father and Son are numerically identical to God, they must share all properties—yet differ in suffering, knowledge, or location.

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Father and Son (in theological context)(as used in Christian theology and philosophy of religion): Two persons in the Christian Trinity—God the Father and God the Son (Jesus Christ)—who are believed to be divine but distinct persons.
Logical problem(as used in philosophical argumentation): A contradiction or inconsistency that arises when you try to make sense of two ideas together—like trying to say something is both all-knowing and ignorant at the same time.
knowledge(Distinguished from mere true belief, which may be the product of indoctrination and need not exercise deliberative capacities.): Justified true belief — true belief that has been arrived at through the exercise of deliberative capacities, including comparison of and deliberation among alternatives.
numerical identity(Distinguished from qualitative similarity when discussing whether a tailed cat and a tailless cat are the same individual.)

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