On a reasons-based reductive account, for an action to be wrong is, in part, for there to be reasons against it.

It seems, however, that primitivism about normativity as such commits one to primitivism about the normative properties and concepts. For it is of the nature of the normative properties and concepts that they are normative. So primitivism about normativity implies that any constitutive account of the nature of a normative property or concept would have an unanalyzable constituent, the second-order normativity property. To illustrate, consider the view that all normative properties can be reduced