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    On Buridan's account, an inference valid across all model... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→The inference 'If Socrates is a human being, Socrates is an animal' is not formally valid

    On Buridan's account, an inference valid across all models preserving the semantic content of its constituent terms qualifies as formally valid in a broader, defensible sense.

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    Reasons For

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    Reason for
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    • 1.Medieval logicians recognized that formal validity requires more than modern symbolic logic captures, including semantic stability across interpretations.
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    • 2.Model-preservation of semantic content avoids the gap between syntactic validity and real inferential guarantees that trouble purely formal accounts.
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    • 3.Buridan's approach preserves intuitive validity judgments while remaining rigorous—avoiding both psychologism and excessive formalism.
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    Reasons Against

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    • 1.Model-preservation criteria blur the boundary between formal and material validity, risking circularity in what counts as 'preserved content'.
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    • 2.Modern model-theoretic semantics already captures inference validity across interpretations without invoking Buridan's broader, less precise category.
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    • 3.Claiming this is 'formally valid in a broader sense' conflates logical categories rather than clarifying them—broadening validity risks emptying the term.
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    Modality & Possibility1 linkedPhilosophy of Language1 linked

    Related

    Buridan's approach preserves intuitive validity judgments while remaining rigoro...Claiming this is 'formally valid in a broader sense' conflates logical categorie...Medieval logicians recognized that formal validity requires more than modern sym...Model-preservation criteria blur the boundary between formal and material validi...
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    Model-preservation of semantic content avoids the gap between syntactic validity...Modern model-theoretic semantics already captures inference validity across inte...The inference 'If Socrates is a human being, Socrates is an animal' is not forma...

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