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    On Leibniz's account, eternal truths concerning essences ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→God's freedom is not limited by the eternal truths or immutable essences God created.

    On Leibniz's account, eternal truths concerning essences are grounded in the divine intellect, not the divine will, and are thus necessary features of God's own nature.

    ?Rate how convincing each reason is below to see the overall strength.
    1 reason for
    1 reason against

    Reasons For

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    Reason for
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    • 1.Leibniz distinguishes truths of reason (eternal essences) from truths of fact (contingent choices), requiring different grounds for each.
      ?

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    • 2.If essences depended on divine will, they would be contingent rather than necessary, making mathematics and logic dependent on God's arbitrary choices.
      ?

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    • 3.God's intellect grasping eternal truths necessarily is more coherent than God willing them, since willing implies prior deliberation about options.
      ?

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    Reasons Against

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    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.Grounding essences in divine intellect seems to make them independent constraints on God, limiting divine omnipotence and freedom.
      ?

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    • 2.If essences are necessary features of God's nature, they appear to exist prior to or independently of God's creative act, raising pantheism concerns.
      ?

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    • 3.The intellect/will distinction may be artificially imposed; God's thinking and willing could be identical, making the distinction philosophically unstable.
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    God's freedom is not limited by the eternal truths or immutable essences God cre...God's intellect grasping eternal truths necessarily is more coherent than God wi...Grounding essences in divine intellect seems to make them independent constraint...If essences are necessary features of God's nature, they appear to exist prior t...
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    If essences depended on divine will, they would be contingent rather than necess...Leibniz distinguishes truths of reason (eternal essences) from truths of fact (c...The intellect/will distinction may be artificially imposed; God's thinking and w...

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