Only mutual recognition—where nature's intrinsic purposes matter independently of human benefit—genuinely escapes the anthropocentric loop of valuing things only for human welfare.

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Anthropocentric(as used to describe frameworks that put humans at the center of how we understand nature): Viewing or interpreting everything from the perspective of humans; treating human concerns, values, or ways of thinking as the center or most important lens for understanding the world.
Mutual recognition(Allen's use of Benjamin's account, offered as an alternative to pure power-constitutive accounts): Moments within ongoing, dynamically unfolding social relationships in which selves acknowledge one another in ways that can constitute autonomous selfhood and provide a normative reference point for critique.
anthropocentric loop(as used in environmental ethics): A circular way of thinking where we only care about nature because it benefits us, which prevents us from seeing nature as having value in itself.
intrinsic purposes(as used in metaphysics and environmental ethics): Built-in reasons for existing or value that something has on its own, not because of what it can do for someone else.

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