P3 and P4 presuppose a strict monotonicity in causal action, but quantum indeterminacy and threshold effects in physical systems demonstrate that causal capacities can exhibit non-monotonic, discontinuous behavior.
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References to specific numbered premises or propositions (likely from an argument presented elsewhere). Think of them like steps 3 and 4 in a logical proof.
Presuppose(what both foundationalisms supposedly do)
To assume or take for granted something as true in order to make an argument work, without proving it first.
Quantum indeterminacy(as another argument Pereboom uses)
The scientific idea from quantum physics that some events at the smallest scales are truly random and unpredictable, not predetermined.
Strict monotonicity(as used in mathematics and physics)
A pattern where something always increases (or always decreases) in a straightforward, predictable way with no reversals or surprises.
Threshold effects(as used in physics and systems theory)
A situation where a system behaves normally until it hits a critical point, then suddenly changes dramatically (like water reaching boiling point and instantly turning to steam).