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It is not the case that Paranoid schizophrenics and severely brain-damaged individuals often retain partial reasons-responsiveness sufficient for graded moral standing.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Reasons-responsiveness requires grasping moral reasons; profound cognitive impairment may prevent understanding moral concepts entirely.
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2.
Graded moral standing remains theoretically vague and risks becoming a loophole for reducing protections based on disability assessments.
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3.
Full moral standing (not graded) better protects vulnerable populations by avoiding sliding-scale arguments that reduce accountability for harm.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Moral standing need not require full rationality; partial capacity to understand consequences suffices for some moral consideration.
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2.
Denying moral standing entirely to those with reduced cognition risks treating them as mere objects rather than persons.
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3.
Graded moral standing aligns with how we treat other beings with limited agency (children, animals) whom we still protect.
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