- Evidential base(as what hypotheses go beyond)
- The collection of facts, observations, or evidence you start with before drawing any conclusions.
- Mach(as a philosopher whose theory is being challenged)
- Ernst Mach was an Austrian physicist and philosopher who divided all reasoning into two main types (usually induction and deduction).
- Mach's dichotomy(as a theory being critiqued)
- Mach's division of reasoning into just two categories, which this statement argues misses a third type that Peirce identified.
- Novel hypotheses(as ideas produced by abduction)
- New ideas or educated guesses that go beyond just organizing the facts you already have—they add genuinely new information.
- Peirce
- # Peirce
Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914) was an American philosopher and logician who developed influential ideas about how we understand meaning and truth. He is best known for creating pragmatism, a way of thinking that judges ideas by their practical effects rather than abstract theory, and for developing semiotics, the study of signs and how things carry meaning. His work remains important today in philosophy, logic, and even in computer science and linguistics.
- abduction(Philosophy of science and epistemology)
- An inferential rule (Inference to the Best Explanation) whose reliability is questioned on the grounds that it sometimes leads to the acceptance of falsehoods.
- dichotomy(Refers to one of Zeno's paradoxes of motion)
- A paradox so named because it involves repeated division into two
- inference to the best explanation(Used to characterize the structure of the argument for moral non-objectivism)
- A form of reasoning in which the hypothesis that best explains the observed phenomena is inferred to be true
- irreducible to(philosophy of science)
- Cannot be broken down into or explained solely by something else; requires its own separate explanation.