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    Perception is a direct causal relation between mind and w... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→External objects are present to the mind only by means of internal mental appearances that serve as proxies for them

    Perception is a direct causal relation between mind and world, not mediated by inner proxies (Gibson's ecological realism, Putnam's direct realism).

    ?Rate how convincing each reason is below to see the overall strength.
    1 reason for
    1 reason against

    Reasons For

    1 perspective
    Reason for
    ?
    • 1.Perceptual illusions (bent stick in water) involve world properties, not inner representations—we see actual light refraction directly.
      ?

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    • 2.Introducing inner proxies creates an unsolvable problem: how do proxies resemble their targets without comparing them independently?
      ?

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    • 3.Ecological information (invariants, gradients) suffices for perception without requiring internal mental models or interpretations.
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    Reasons Against

    1 perspective
    Reason against
    ?
    • 1.Neural processing introduces delays, signal transduction, and cortical reconstruction—direct contact with world objects seems impossible.
      ?

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    • 2.We perceive absent objects (memories), hallucinate, and see ambiguous images without corresponding world properties—proving mediation occurs.
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    • 3.Blindsight patients process visual information without conscious perception, showing perception requires internal representational stages.
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    Related

    Blindsight patients process visual information without conscious perception, sho...Ecological information (invariants, gradients) suffices for perception without r...External objects are present to the mind only by means of internal mental appear...Introducing inner proxies creates an unsolvable problem: how do proxies resemble...
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    Neural processing introduces delays, signal transduction, and cortical reconstru...Perceptual illusions (bent stick in water) involve world properties, not inner r...We perceive absent objects (memories), hallucinate, and see ambiguous images wit...

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    2 (1 for, 1 against)
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