Pereboom's Case 4 therefore cannot inherit the exemption from Cases 1-3 without independent argument that determinism per se, rather than manipulation or compulsion, undermines the reactive attitude framework.

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Case 1, 2, 3, 4(as numbered arguments or examples in a philosophical debate): Different hypothetical scenarios or examples that Pereboom uses to build his argument—think of them as numbered thought experiments that progressively make his point.
Exempt/exemption(as the idea that one case might avoid a problem that affects other cases): Being excluded from a rule or requirement; in this case, it means escaping from something (like losing our ability to hold people morally responsible).
Pereboom(referring to the philosopher who created the manipulation argument): Derk Pereboom is a contemporary philosopher who argues that free will and moral responsibility might not exist, even though we feel like we make genuine choices.
Reactive attitude(as a framework for understanding how we normally judge people morally responsible): Our natural emotional responses to others' actions, like feeling angry at someone for wrongdoing or grateful for help—attitudes that usually assume the person could have chosen differently.

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