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Inverse View
It is not the case that Perfect goodness requires not merely good intentions but the actual realization of the best achievable outcome relative to one's nature and knowledge.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Perfect goodness in most ethical traditions (virtue ethics, deontology) is defined by character and right action, not by maximizing actual outcomes beyond control.
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2.
Requiring realization of best outcomes creates impossible standards—unforeseeable consequences and systemic factors mean no agent fully achieves optimal results.
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3.
This view conflates moral worth with efficacy, making a well-intentioned person with bad luck morally inferior to a lucky person with mediocre motives.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Moral agents have obligations proportional to their capacities; intentions alone cannot fulfill duties when action is within one's power.
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2.
Goodness is fundamentally consequentialist—the moral worth of a being reflects real benefits produced, not merely internal states or wishes.
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3.
Epistemic humility about one's knowledge limits moral responsibility only to achievable outcomes, making this standard neither impossibly high nor too lenient.
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