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It is not the case that Peter Singer's drowning child argument demonstrates that physical distance is morally irrelevant to the duty to prevent serious harm.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Special obligations to those within our institutional relationships, communities, or families create genuine moral distinctions that distance alone cannot explain away.
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2.
Demanding equal sacrifice for all distant harms would require most moral agents to abandon their own projects and commitments entirely, which may be psychologically unrealistic.
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3.
Indirect causal chains to distant harms involve uncertain outcomes and diffuse responsibility in ways that differ morally from direct, immediate prevention.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Moral duties are based on facts about harm and ability to prevent it, not on spatial location or causal proximity to the victim.
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2.
If distance were morally relevant, we'd have to accept that the same harm becomes less obligatory to prevent as it gets farther away, which lacks principled justification.
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3.
Modern communication and resource transfer make distant suffering equally accessible to our action as nearby suffering, eliminating practical distance.
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