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It is not the case that Philip Chancellor's voluntarism thus conflates the efficient cause of action with the source of its freedom.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
An action can be efficiently caused by deliberative processes while remaining unfree if those processes are determined or manipulated.
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2.
Freedom plausibly requires alternative possibilities or reasons-responsiveness, which are distinct conceptually from what causes an action.
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3.
Confusing these concepts illegitimately assumes that causal production automatically grounds freedom, without addressing determinism objections.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Freedom requires that the agent themselves produces the action, not external forces. This productive role is the efficient cause.
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2.
If freedom comes from anywhere other than what actually produces the action, it becomes a mysterious addition rather than intrinsic to agency.
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3.
Distinguishing efficient cause from freedom's source creates an explanatory gap: what makes one source free if not its causal role?
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