Philippa Foot's doctrine of doing and allowing entails that causing harm through a patient's own bodily constitution differs morally from initiating a fatal causal sequence targeting the patient.

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Doctrine of doing and allowing(as used in ethics): A moral theory that says there's an important difference between actively doing something harmful and simply allowing harm to happen when you could prevent it.
Philippa Foot(as a key neo-Aristotelian thinker): A 20th-century philosopher who revived Aristotelian ethics and argued that morality is grounded in facts about human nature and what helps us flourish.
causing harm through a patient's own bodily constitution(as one type of harmful action being compared): Harming someone by using or relying on something already within their body (like a disease or weakness they were born with), rather than introducing something new from outside.
differs morally(as describing the key distinction Foot makes): Has different ethical or moral significance—one action might be right or wrong in ways that the other action is not.

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