Philippa Foot's neo-Aristotelian naturalism requires grounding normativity in biological facts about species flourishing, which itself presupposes contested metaphysicalteleology.
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metaphysics(Hartshorne's naturalistic redefinition of metaphysics)
On Hartshorne's view, the study not of realities beyond the physical, but of features of reality that are ubiquitous or that would exist in any possible world.
naturalism(Mill's philosophical framework as characterized in the passage)
A substantive theoretical doctrine offering a systematic and coherent way of thinking about the world and the history of human theoretical engagement with it
neo-Aristotelian(as used in metaethics and virtue ethics)
A modern philosophical approach that builds on ideas from Aristotle (ancient Greek philosopher) but updates them for contemporary thinking.
normativity(Explained via rational willing in the Kantian framework)
The property of norms that makes them requirements incumbent on all agents.
teleology(Aristotle's natural philosophy)
Explanation of natural phenomena in terms of purposes or ends — things occurring for the sake of something