Philosophers including Coady and Primoratz dispute whether 'terrorism' is defined by targeting civilians, by political intent, or by terror-production, yielding no unified act-type.

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Act-type(as a technical term in action theory): A category or kind of action, as opposed to a single, individual action—for example, 'killing your grandfather' as a type of act, rather than one specific killing at one specific time.
Coady(as the originator of the neo-Reidian argument): C. A. J. Coady is a contemporary philosopher who studies how we know things, especially through what other people tell us.
Primoratz(as a philosopher contributing to debates on terrorism): Igor Primoratz is a philosopher who has written about terrorism, violence, and ethics. He's cited here as another scholar with a different view on how terrorism should be defined.
political intent(as one possible defining feature of terrorism): The motive or goal of achieving some political objective—like changing government policy or influencing public opinion. Some argue terrorism requires this kind of purpose.

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