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It is not the case that Plato's Republic demonstrates that justice is a functional harmony of soul and city, not a contractual instrument for pain-avoidance.
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Reasons For
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1.
The Republic's elaborate enforcement mechanisms (censorship, noble lie, exile) suggest Plato relies on coercion to maintain order, undermining harmony claims.
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2.
Plato never definitively proves his harmony model; critics argue he assumes rather than demonstrates that justice is functional rather than contractual.
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3.
Modern contractarians can reframe their position as mutually beneficial functional coordination, making the dichotomy between contract and harmony false.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Plato's tripartite soul model (reason, spirit, appetite) mirrors the city's three classes, suggesting justice requires internal harmony, not external contracts.
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2.
The Republic argues injustice harms the soul's functioning itself, implying justice is constitutive of human flourishing, not merely pain-avoidance.
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3.
Plato critiques sophistic views reducing justice to power and self-interest, positioning his account as fundamentally anti-contractarian.
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