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It is not the case that Polytheism originates from human fear and ignorance about unpredictable events, not from rational reflection on nature's beauty and order
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Reasons For
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Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Early anthropological and phenomenological evidence (Müller, Otto) shows awe at natural grandeur—storms, mountains, celestial cycles—is itself a primary driver of polytheistic pantheons.
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2.
If wonder at ordered, powerful natural phenomena generates gods of sky, sea, and sun, then polytheism shares its cognitive origin with design-based theism, undermining the sharp genetic distinction Hume draws.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Aristotle and later Vico argued that myth and polytheism encode proto-rational attempts to systematize causal regularities in nature, not merely anxious responses to chaos.
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2.
If polytheistic traditions demonstrably contain systematic cosmogonies and natural philosophies (e.g., Hesiod's Theogony, Vedic cosmology), the claim that they originate from ignorance rather than reflective ordering is historically unsustainable.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
The basis of genuine theism is the beauty and order discovered in the works of nature via the argument from design
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2.
Polytheism originates instead from various and contrary events of human life such as weather, illness, and wars
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3.
These events are unpredictable and directly influence human happiness and misery
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