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Inverse View
It is not the case that Propositional states of affairs cannot capture agent-relative powers, such as the power to freely choose, which require a willing subject.
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Reasons For
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Reason for
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1.
Any power, including free choice, can be captured propositionally: 'Agent S has the power to do X' is itself a proposition about capacities.
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2.
The 'willing subject' distinction presumes substance dualism or non-physical agency, but subjects themselves can be constituents of propositional states.
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3.
Dynamics and agency are themselves representable through propositions about state transitions, causal relations, and dispositional properties.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
Propositional states describe static facts, but free choice involves dynamic agency—a subject actively determining outcomes, not merely instantiating propositions.
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2.
The subjective experience of deliberation and willing is causally efficacious; reducing it to propositions omits the constitutive role of conscious agency.
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3.
Agent-relative powers are perspectival—they depend on who the agent is. Propositions express impersonal truths indifferent to particular subjects.
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