Putnam's semantic externalism entails that BIV-English 'vat' refers to vat-images, not vats, so BIV utterances of 'brain in a vat' are systematically about different objects than we intend.

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BIV(Epistemology / skepticism about external world knowledge): Brain-in-a-vat — a hypothetical subject whose experiences are artificially induced, used as a skeptical scenario
BIV-English(language as used in a thought experiment): The language spoken by a brain in a vat—the words and thoughts it would use while experiencing only computer-generated simulations, not the real world.
Putnam: # Putnam "Putnam" most commonly refers to **Hilary Putnam** (1926-2016), an influential American philosopher who made major contributions to philosophy of mind, language, and science. He is famous for thought experiments like the "brain in a vat" scenario, which explores questions about reality and how we know what's real. His work fundamentally changed how philosophers think about the relationship between our minds, language, and the external world.
Systematically(as describing a consistent problem with voting methods): Happening as a regular pattern or built-in feature of how something works, rather than by accident or rarely.

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