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Inverse View
It is not the case that Questions about normative reasons bear directly on the justification of agents, as distinct from the justification of their actions.
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Reasons For
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Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
On a unified reasons-based account (Scanlon, Parfit), the same normative reasons that justify actions also constitute the standards by which agents are assessed.
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2.
If agent-justification is grounded in the very normative reasons that justify actions, the claimed distinction collapses into a difference of application, not kind.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
Kant's moral theory holds that an agent is justified only when acting from the moral law, making agent-justification inseparable from whether the action itself was morally required.
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2.
Where agent-justification necessarily tracks the normative status of the action, normative reasons cannot bear distinctively on one without equally bearing on the other.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
The justification of an action concerns whether the facts made it right to do.
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2.
The justification of an agent concerns motivating reasons and the agent's epistemic state.
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3.
An agent may be justified or excused even when the action itself is not justified.
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