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    Quine's criterion of ontological commitment implies that ... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→It is currently an open problem whether the second machine class properly extends the first machine class.

    Quine's criterion of ontological commitment implies that if our best physical and mathematical theories treat the classes as distinct, we are justified in asserting their separation.

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    Key Terms

    Classes (in logic and mathematics)(whether classes are distinct and real)
    Groups or collections of things organized by shared properties. For example, 'all red objects' would be one class. In philosophy, the question is whether these groupings are real things that exist or just useful ideas.
    Ontology(Carnap argues this enterprise is based on a mistake)
    The philosophical discipline that tries to answer hard questions about what there really is.
    Quine(as a proper name referring to the philosopher whose theory is being discussed)
    Willard Van Orman Quine was a 20th-century American philosopher who wrote about how we know things and how language works. In this statement, we're discussing one of his specific ideas about observation.
    criterion(as used in philosophy to describe a test for whether an idea works)
    A standard or rule used to decide whether something counts as true or valid.

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    ontological commitment(Used to derive that literal truth of 'a is F' entails existence of a)
    The criterion by which acceptance of a sentence as literally true commits one to the existence of the objects referred to by singular terms in that sentence, provided the sentence cannot be paraphrased away.

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    Truth & Knowledge1 linkedSkepticism1 linked

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    It is currently an open problem whether the second machine class properly extend...

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