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    Railton's deductive-nomological-probabilistic model exten... — Carmelics
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    Challenges→Deductive-nomological metaphysical explanation cannot account for rare or one-off phenomena grounded in mechanisms.

    Railton's deductive-nomological-probabilistic model extends DN explanation to cover mechanisms by deriving phenomenal descriptions from idealized models with probabilistic covering laws.

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    Key Terms

    Covering laws(Inferential/regularity approaches to causation)
    Laws according to which the cause is sufficient for its effect, enabling the effect to be inferred from the cause.
    Deductive-nomological (DN) explanation(as the type of scientific explanation being extended)
    A way of explaining why something happens by showing how it logically follows from general scientific laws and initial conditions—like explaining why water boils by referencing heat laws and the temperature.
    Idealized models(philosophy of science)
    Simplified versions of reality that philosophers or scientists create to study something; they leave out messy details to focus on the core idea.
    Mechanisms(as used to describe biological processes)
    The specific ways or processes by which something works or produces an effect.

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    Phenomenal descriptions(as what is derived from the model)
    Descriptions of things as we observe or experience them—the observable facts or events we're trying to explain.
    Probabilistic(describing the method used)
    Dealing with likelihood and chances rather than certainty; things that are probably true based on odds and statistics.
    Railton(as a philosopher who developed a key theory in 1984)
    Peter Railton is a contemporary American philosopher who developed an influential version of consequentialism that tries to address criticisms of the theory.

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    Causation1 linkedModality & Possibility1 linked

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