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It is not the case that Random sampling (drift as process) could be understood as part of the Mendelian background process rather than as an evolutionary force.
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Reasons For
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Reason for 1 of 2
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1.
Random sampling during reproduction produces allele frequency changes that are causally distinct from Mendelian transmission ratios themselves.
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2.
A process that systematically alters population-level outcomes beyond what Mendelian ratios predict cannot be merely background to those ratios.
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3.
Matthen and Ariew's causal decomposition shows drift and selection are individuated by their population-level statistical signatures, not their mechanistic substrate.
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Reason for 2 of 2
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1.
The background/foreground distinction in causal explanation is context-relative and pragmatic, not ontologically fixed.
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2.
Designating Mendelian processes as background arbitrarily privileges one causal level, as Millstein's population-level causal account of drift demonstrates.
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3.
If sampling error during gamete formation causally explains outcome variance, reclassifying it as background eliminates rather than resolves its explanatory role.
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Reasons Against
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Reason against
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1.
The Mendelian process — wherein organisms produce gametes and gametes produce organisms — is treated as background against which evolutionary forces are described, not as a force itself.
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2.
At least some types of random sampling occur during gamete formation, which is part of the Mendelian process.
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