Rational attitudes toward events need not require that the subject experience those events for the attitudes to be warranted (Nagel's objective standpoint allows for agent-relative harms).

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Agent-relative harms(as used in ethics and philosophy of harm): Bad things that happen to a specific person based on their own situation or perspective, rather than harms that are the same for everyone objectively.
Nagel(as a key philosopher cited in this theory): Thomas Nagel is a famous American philosopher known for thinking deeply about consciousness, death, and what makes life meaningful.
Objective standpoint(as used in epistemology and ethics): A perspective that looks at things from outside any individual's personal interests, as if judging fairly from the viewpoint of the universe rather than one person's point of view.
Rational attitudes(epistemology and rational decision-making): Beliefs, feelings, or stances toward something that make sense logically and are justified by good reasons.

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